usr/src/cmd/zoneadm/zoneadm.c

/*
 * CDDL HEADER START
 *
 * The contents of this file are subject to the terms of the
 * Common Development and Distribution License (the "License").
 * You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 *
 * You can obtain a copy of the license at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE
 * or http://www.opensolaris.org/os/licensing.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions
 * and limitations under the License.
 *
 * When distributing Covered Code, include this CDDL HEADER in each
 * file and include the License file at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE.
 * If applicable, add the following below this CDDL HEADER, with the
 * fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying
 * information: Portions Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
 *
 * CDDL HEADER END
 */

/*
 * Copyright 2007 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All rights reserved.
 * Use is subject to license terms.
 */

#pragma ident	"%Z%%M%	%I%	%E% SMI"

/*
 * zoneadm is a command interpreter for zone administration.  It is all in
 * C (i.e., no lex/yacc), and all the argument passing is argc/argv based.
 * main() calls parse_and_run() which calls cmd_match(), then invokes the
 * appropriate command's handler function.  The rest of the program is the
 * handler functions and their helper functions.
 *
 * Some of the helper functions are used largely to simplify I18N: reducing
 * the need for translation notes.  This is particularly true of many of
 * the zerror() calls: doing e.g. zerror(gettext("%s failed"), "foo") rather
 * than zerror(gettext("foo failed")) with a translation note indicating
 * that "foo" need not be translated.
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <wait.h>
#include <zone.h>
#include <priv.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <libintl.h>
#include <libzonecfg.h>
#include <bsm/adt.h>
#include <sys/brand.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/statvfs.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <sys/sockio.h>
#include <sys/mntent.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <uuid/uuid.h>

#include <fcntl.h>
#include <door.h>
#include <macros.h>
#include <libgen.h>
#include <fnmatch.h>
#include <sys/modctl.h>
#include <libbrand.h>
#include <libscf.h>
#include <procfs.h>

#include <pool.h>
#include <sys/pool.h>
#include <sys/priocntl.h>
#include <sys/fsspriocntl.h>

#include "zoneadm.h"

#define	MAXARGS	8

/* Reflects kernel zone entries */
typedef struct zone_entry {
	zoneid_t	zid;
	char		zname[ZONENAME_MAX];
	char		*zstate_str;
	zone_state_t	zstate_num;
	char		zbrand[MAXNAMELEN];
	char		zroot[MAXPATHLEN];
	char		zuuid[UUID_PRINTABLE_STRING_LENGTH];
	zone_iptype_t	ziptype;
} zone_entry_t;

static zone_entry_t *zents;
static size_t nzents;
static boolean_t is_native_zone = B_TRUE;

#define	LOOPBACK_IF	"lo0"
#define	SOCKET_AF(af)	(((af) == AF_UNSPEC) ? AF_INET : (af))

struct net_if {
	char	*name;
	int	af;
};

/* 0755 is the default directory mode. */
#define	DEFAULT_DIR_MODE \
	(S_IRWXU | S_IRGRP | S_IXGRP | S_IROTH | S_IXOTH)

struct cmd {
	uint_t	cmd_num;				/* command number */
	char	*cmd_name;				/* command name */
	char	*short_usage;				/* short form help */
	int	(*handler)(int argc, char *argv[]);	/* function to call */

};

#define	SHELP_HELP	"help"
#define	SHELP_BOOT	"boot [-- boot_arguments]"
#define	SHELP_HALT	"halt"
#define	SHELP_READY	"ready"
#define	SHELP_REBOOT	"reboot [-- boot_arguments]"
#define	SHELP_LIST	"list [-cipv]"
#define	SHELP_VERIFY	"verify"
#define	SHELP_INSTALL	"install [-x nodataset] [brand-specific args]"
#define	SHELP_UNINSTALL	"uninstall [-F]"
#define	SHELP_CLONE	"clone [-m method] [-s <ZFS snapshot>] zonename"
#define	SHELP_MOVE	"move zonepath"
#define	SHELP_DETACH	"detach [-n]"
#define	SHELP_ATTACH	"attach [-F] [-n <path>]"
#define	SHELP_MARK	"mark incomplete"

#define	EXEC_PREFIX	"exec "
#define	EXEC_LEN	(strlen(EXEC_PREFIX))
#define	RMCOMMAND	"/usr/bin/rm -rf"

static int cleanup_zonepath(char *, boolean_t);

extern int ifname_open(char *);

static int help_func(int argc, char *argv[]);
static int ready_func(int argc, char *argv[]);
static int boot_func(int argc, char *argv[]);
static int halt_func(int argc, char *argv[]);
static int reboot_func(int argc, char *argv[]);
static int list_func(int argc, char *argv[]);
static int verify_func(int argc, char *argv[]);
static int install_func(int argc, char *argv[]);
static int uninstall_func(int argc, char *argv[]);
static int mount_func(int argc, char *argv[]);
static int unmount_func(int argc, char *argv[]);
static int clone_func(int argc, char *argv[]);
static int move_func(int argc, char *argv[]);
static int detach_func(int argc, char *argv[]);
static int attach_func(int argc, char *argv[]);
static int mark_func(int argc, char *argv[]);
static int apply_func(int argc, char *argv[]);
static int sanity_check(char *zone, int cmd_num, boolean_t running,
    boolean_t unsafe_when_running, boolean_t force);
static int cmd_match(char *cmd);
static int verify_details(int, char *argv[]);
static int verify_brand(zone_dochandle_t, int, char *argv[]);
static int invoke_brand_handler(int, char *argv[]);

static struct cmd cmdtab[] = {
	{ CMD_HELP,		"help",		SHELP_HELP,	help_func },
	{ CMD_BOOT,		"boot",		SHELP_BOOT,	boot_func },
	{ CMD_HALT,		"halt",		SHELP_HALT,	halt_func },
	{ CMD_READY,		"ready",	SHELP_READY,	ready_func },
	{ CMD_REBOOT,		"reboot",	SHELP_REBOOT,	reboot_func },
	{ CMD_LIST,		"list",		SHELP_LIST,	list_func },
	{ CMD_VERIFY,		"verify",	SHELP_VERIFY,	verify_func },
	{ CMD_INSTALL,		"install",	SHELP_INSTALL,	install_func },
	{ CMD_UNINSTALL,	"uninstall",	SHELP_UNINSTALL,
	    uninstall_func },
	/* mount and unmount are private commands for admin/install */
	{ CMD_MOUNT,		"mount",	NULL,		mount_func },
	{ CMD_UNMOUNT,		"unmount",	NULL,		unmount_func },
	{ CMD_CLONE,		"clone",	SHELP_CLONE,	clone_func },
	{ CMD_MOVE,		"move",		SHELP_MOVE,	move_func },
	{ CMD_DETACH,		"detach",	SHELP_DETACH,	detach_func },
	{ CMD_ATTACH,		"attach",	SHELP_ATTACH,	attach_func },
	{ CMD_MARK,		"mark",		SHELP_MARK,	mark_func },
	{ CMD_APPLY,		"apply",	NULL,		apply_func }
};

/* global variables */

/* set early in main(), never modified thereafter, used all over the place */
static char *execname;
static char target_brand[MAXNAMELEN];
static char *locale;
char *target_zone;
static char *target_uuid;

/* used in do_subproc() and signal handler */
static volatile boolean_t child_killed;
static int do_subproc_cnt = 0;

/*
 * Used to indicate whether this zoneadm instance has another zoneadm
 * instance in its ancestry.
 */
static boolean_t zoneadm_is_nested = B_FALSE;

/* used to track nested zone-lock operations */
static int zone_lock_cnt = 0;

/* used to communicate lock status to children */
#define	LOCK_ENV_VAR	"_ZONEADM_LOCK_HELD"
static char zoneadm_lock_held[] = LOCK_ENV_VAR"=1";
static char zoneadm_lock_not_held[] = LOCK_ENV_VAR"=0";

char *
cmd_to_str(int cmd_num)
{
	assert(cmd_num >= CMD_MIN && cmd_num <= CMD_MAX);
	return (cmdtab[cmd_num].cmd_name);
}

/* This is a separate function because of gettext() wrapping. */
static char *
long_help(int cmd_num)
{
	assert(cmd_num >= CMD_MIN && cmd_num <= CMD_MAX);
	switch (cmd_num) {
	case CMD_HELP:
		return (gettext("Print usage message."));
	case CMD_BOOT:
		return (gettext("Activates (boots) specified zone.  See "
		    "zoneadm(1m) for valid boot\n\targuments."));
	case CMD_HALT:
		return (gettext("Halts specified zone, bypassing shutdown "
		    "scripts and removing runtime\n\tresources of the zone."));
	case CMD_READY:
		return (gettext("Prepares a zone for running applications but "
		    "does not start any user\n\tprocesses in the zone."));
	case CMD_REBOOT:
		return (gettext("Restarts the zone (equivalent to a halt / "
		    "boot sequence).\n\tFails if the zone is not active.  "
		    "See zoneadm(1m) for valid boot\n\targuments."));
	case CMD_LIST:
		return (gettext("Lists the current zones, or a "
		    "specific zone if indicated.  By default,\n\tall "
		    "running zones are listed, though this can be "
		    "expanded to all\n\tinstalled zones with the -i "
		    "option or all configured zones with the\n\t-c "
		    "option.  When used with the general -z <zone> and/or -u "
		    "<uuid-match>\n\toptions, lists only the specified "
		    "matching zone, but lists it\n\tregardless of its state, "
		    "and the -i and -c options are disallowed.  The\n\t-v "
		    "option can be used to display verbose information: zone "
		    "name, id,\n\tcurrent state, root directory and options.  "
		    "The -p option can be used\n\tto request machine-parsable "
		    "output.  The -v and -p options are mutually\n\texclusive."
		    "  If neither -v nor -p is used, just the zone name is "
		    "listed."));
	case CMD_VERIFY:
		return (gettext("Check to make sure the configuration "
		    "can safely be instantiated\n\ton the machine: "
		    "physical network interfaces exist, etc."));
	case CMD_INSTALL:
		return (gettext("Install the configuration on to the system.  "
		    "The -x nodataset option\n\tcan be used to prevent the "
		    "creation of a new ZFS file system for the\n\tzone "
		    "(assuming the zonepath is within a ZFS file system).\n\t"
		    "All other arguments are passed to the brand installation "
		    "function;\n\tsee brand(4) for more information."));
	case CMD_UNINSTALL:
		return (gettext("Uninstall the configuration from the system.  "
		    "The -F flag can be used\n\tto force the action."));
	case CMD_CLONE:
		return (gettext("Clone the installation of another zone.  "
		    "The -m option can be used to\n\tspecify 'copy' which "
		    "forces a copy of the source zone.  The -s option\n\t"
		    "can be used to specify the name of a ZFS snapshot "
		    "that was taken from\n\ta previous clone command.  The "
		    "snapshot will be used as the source\n\tinstead of "
		    "creating a new ZFS snapshot."));
	case CMD_MOVE:
		return (gettext("Move the zone to a new zonepath."));
	case CMD_DETACH:
		return (gettext("Detach the zone from the system. The zone "
		    "state is changed to\n\t'configured' (but the files under "
		    "the zonepath are untouched).\n\tThe zone can subsequently "
		    "be attached, or can be moved to another\n\tsystem and "
		    "attached there.  The -n option can be used to specify\n\t"
		    "'no-execute' mode.  When -n is used, the information "
		    "needed to attach\n\tthe zone is sent to standard output "
		    "but the zone is not actually\n\tdetached."));
	case CMD_ATTACH:
		return (gettext("Attach the zone to the system.  The zone "
		    "state must be 'configured'\n\tprior to attach; upon "
		    "successful completion, the zone state will be\n\t"
		    "'installed'.  The system software on the current "
		    "system must be\n\tcompatible with the software on the "
		    "zone's original system.\n\tSpecify -F to force the attach "
		    "and skip software compatibility tests.\n\tThe -n option "
		    "can be used to specify 'no-execute' mode.  When -n is\n\t"
		    "used, the information needed to attach the zone is read "
		    "from the\n\tspecified path and the configuration is only "
		    "validated.  The path can\n\tbe '-' to specify standard "
		    "input."));
	case CMD_MARK:
		return (gettext("Set the state of the zone.  This can be used "
		    "to force the zone\n\tstate to 'incomplete' "
		    "administratively if some activity has rendered\n\tthe "
		    "zone permanently unusable.  The only valid state that "
		    "may be\n\tspecified is 'incomplete'."));
	default:
		return ("");
	}
	/* NOTREACHED */
	return (NULL);
}

/*
 * Called with explicit B_TRUE when help is explicitly requested, B_FALSE for
 * unexpected errors.
 */

static int
usage(boolean_t explicit)
{
	int i;
	FILE *fd = explicit ? stdout : stderr;

	(void) fprintf(fd, "%s:\t%s help\n", gettext("usage"), execname);
	(void) fprintf(fd, "\t%s [-z <zone>] [-u <uuid-match>] list\n",
	    execname);
	(void) fprintf(fd, "\t%s {-z <zone>|-u <uuid-match>} <%s>\n", execname,
	    gettext("subcommand"));
	(void) fprintf(fd, "\n%s:\n\n", gettext("Subcommands"));
	for (i = CMD_MIN; i <= CMD_MAX; i++) {
		if (cmdtab[i].short_usage == NULL)
			continue;
		(void) fprintf(fd, "%s\n", cmdtab[i].short_usage);
		if (explicit)
			(void) fprintf(fd, "\t%s\n\n", long_help(i));
	}
	if (!explicit)
		(void) fputs("\n", fd);
	return (Z_USAGE);
}

static void
sub_usage(char *short_usage, int cmd_num)
{
	(void) fprintf(stderr, "%s:\t%s\n", gettext("usage"), short_usage);
	(void) fprintf(stderr, "\t%s\n", long_help(cmd_num));
}

/*
 * zperror() is like perror(3c) except that this also prints the executable
 * name at the start of the message, and takes a boolean indicating whether
 * to call libc'c strerror() or that from libzonecfg.
 */

void
zperror(const char *str, boolean_t zonecfg_error)
{
	(void) fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s: %s\n", execname, str,
	    zonecfg_error ? zonecfg_strerror(errno) : strerror(errno));
}

/*
 * zperror2() is very similar to zperror() above, except it also prints a
 * supplied zone name after the executable.
 *
 * All current consumers of this function want libzonecfg's strerror() rather
 * than libc's; if this ever changes, this function can be made more generic
 * like zperror() above.
 */

void
zperror2(const char *zone, const char *str)
{
	(void) fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s: %s: %s\n", execname, zone, str,
	    zonecfg_strerror(errno));
}

/* PRINTFLIKE1 */
void
zerror(const char *fmt, ...)
{
	va_list alist;

	va_start(alist, fmt);
	(void) fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", execname);
	if (target_zone != NULL)
		(void) fprintf(stderr, "zone '%s': ", target_zone);
	(void) vfprintf(stderr, fmt, alist);
	(void) fprintf(stderr, "\n");
	va_end(alist);
}

static void *
safe_calloc(size_t nelem, size_t elsize)
{
	void *r = calloc(nelem, elsize);

	if (r == NULL) {
		zerror(gettext("failed to allocate %lu bytes: %s"),
		    (ulong_t)nelem * elsize, strerror(errno));
		exit(Z_ERR);
	}
	return (r);
}

static void
zone_print(zone_entry_t *zent, boolean_t verbose, boolean_t parsable)
{
	static boolean_t firsttime = B_TRUE;
	char *ip_type_str;

	if (zent->ziptype == ZS_EXCLUSIVE)
		ip_type_str = "excl";
	else
		ip_type_str = "shared";

	assert(!(verbose && parsable));
	if (firsttime && verbose) {
		firsttime = B_FALSE;
		(void) printf("%*s %-16s %-10s %-30s %-8s %-6s\n",
		    ZONEID_WIDTH, "ID", "NAME", "STATUS", "PATH", "BRAND",
		    "IP");
	}
	if (!verbose) {
		char *cp, *clim;

		if (!parsable) {
			(void) printf("%s\n", zent->zname);
			return;
		}
		if (zent->zid == ZONE_ID_UNDEFINED)
			(void) printf("-");
		else
			(void) printf("%lu", zent->zid);
		(void) printf(":%s:%s:", zent->zname, zent->zstate_str);
		cp = zent->zroot;
		while ((clim = strchr(cp, ':')) != NULL) {
			(void) printf("%.*s\\:", clim - cp, cp);
			cp = clim + 1;
		}
		(void) printf("%s:%s:%s:%s\n", cp, zent->zuuid, zent->zbrand,
		    ip_type_str);
		return;
	}
	if (zent->zstate_str != NULL) {
		if (zent->zid == ZONE_ID_UNDEFINED)
			(void) printf("%*s", ZONEID_WIDTH, "-");
		else
			(void) printf("%*lu", ZONEID_WIDTH, zent->zid);
		(void) printf(" %-16s %-10s %-30s %-8s %-6s\n", zent->zname,
		    zent->zstate_str, zent->zroot, zent->zbrand, ip_type_str);
	}
}

static int
lookup_zone_info(const char *zone_name, zoneid_t zid, zone_entry_t *zent)
{
	char root[MAXPATHLEN], *cp;
	int err;
	uuid_t uuid;

	(void) strlcpy(zent->zname, zone_name, sizeof (zent->zname));
	(void) strlcpy(zent->zroot, "???", sizeof (zent->zroot));
	(void) strlcpy(zent->zbrand, "???", sizeof (zent->zbrand));
	zent->zstate_str = "???";

	zent->zid = zid;

	if (zonecfg_get_uuid(zone_name, uuid) == Z_OK &&
	    !uuid_is_null(uuid))
		uuid_unparse(uuid, zent->zuuid);
	else
		zent->zuuid[0] = '\0';

	/*
	 * For labeled zones which query the zone path of lower-level
	 * zones, the path needs to be adjusted to drop the final
	 * "/root" component. This adjusted path is then useful
	 * for reading down any exported directories from the
	 * lower-level zone.
	 */
	if (is_system_labeled() && zent->zid != ZONE_ID_UNDEFINED) {
		if (zone_getattr(zent->zid, ZONE_ATTR_ROOT, zent->zroot,
		    sizeof (zent->zroot)) == -1) {
			zperror2(zent->zname,
			    gettext("could not get zone path."));
			return (Z_ERR);
		}
		cp = zent->zroot + strlen(zent->zroot) - 5;
		if (cp > zent->zroot && strcmp(cp, "/root") == 0)
			*cp = 0;
	} else {
		if ((err = zone_get_zonepath(zent->zname, root,
		    sizeof (root))) != Z_OK) {
			errno = err;
			zperror2(zent->zname,
			    gettext("could not get zone path."));
			return (Z_ERR);
		}
		(void) strlcpy(zent->zroot, root, sizeof (zent->zroot));
	}

	if ((err = zone_get_state(zent->zname, &zent->zstate_num)) != Z_OK) {
		errno = err;
		zperror2(zent->zname, gettext("could not get state"));
		return (Z_ERR);
	}
	zent->zstate_str = zone_state_str(zent->zstate_num);

	/*
	 * A zone's brand is only available in the .xml file describing it,
	 * which is only visible to the global zone.  This causes
	 * zone_get_brand() to fail when called from within a non-global
	 * zone.  Fortunately we only do this on labeled systems, where we
	 * know all zones are native.
	 */
	if (getzoneid() != GLOBAL_ZONEID) {
		assert(is_system_labeled() != 0);
		(void) strlcpy(zent->zbrand, NATIVE_BRAND_NAME,
		    sizeof (zent->zbrand));
	} else if (zone_get_brand(zent->zname, zent->zbrand,
	    sizeof (zent->zbrand)) != Z_OK) {
		zperror2(zent->zname, gettext("could not get brand name"));
		return (Z_ERR);
	}

	/*
	 * Get ip type of the zone.
	 * Note for global zone, ZS_SHARED is set always.
	 */
	if (zid == GLOBAL_ZONEID) {
		zent->ziptype = ZS_SHARED;
	} else {

		if (zent->zstate_num == ZONE_STATE_RUNNING) {
			ushort_t flags;

			if (zone_getattr(zid, ZONE_ATTR_FLAGS, &flags,
			    sizeof (flags)) < 0) {
				zperror2(zent->zname,
				    gettext("could not get zone flags"));
				return (Z_ERR);
			}
			if (flags & ZF_NET_EXCL)
				zent->ziptype = ZS_EXCLUSIVE;
			else
				zent->ziptype = ZS_SHARED;
		} else {
			zone_dochandle_t handle;

			if ((handle = zonecfg_init_handle()) == NULL) {
				zperror2(zent->zname,
				    gettext("could not init handle"));
				return (Z_ERR);
			}
			if ((err = zonecfg_get_handle(zent->zname, handle))
			    != Z_OK) {
				zperror2(zent->zname,
				    gettext("could not get handle"));
				zonecfg_fini_handle(handle);
				return (Z_ERR);
			}

			if ((err = zonecfg_get_iptype(handle, &zent->ziptype))
			    != Z_OK) {
				zperror2(zent->zname,
				    gettext("could not get ip-type"));
				zonecfg_fini_handle(handle);
				return (Z_ERR);
			}
			zonecfg_fini_handle(handle);
		}
	}

	return (Z_OK);
}

/*
 * fetch_zents() calls zone_list(2) to find out how many zones are running
 * (which is stored in the global nzents), then calls zone_list(2) again
 * to fetch the list of running zones (stored in the global zents).  This
 * function may be called multiple times, so if zents is already set, we
 * return immediately to save work.
 */

static int
fetch_zents(void)
{
	zoneid_t *zids = NULL;
	uint_t nzents_saved;
	int i, retv;
	FILE *fp;
	boolean_t inaltroot;
	zone_entry_t *zentp;

	if (nzents > 0)
		return (Z_OK);

	if (zone_list(NULL, &nzents) != 0) {
		zperror(gettext("failed to get zoneid list"), B_FALSE);
		return (Z_ERR);
	}

again:
	if (nzents == 0)
		return (Z_OK);

	zids = safe_calloc(nzents, sizeof (zoneid_t));
	nzents_saved = nzents;

	if (zone_list(zids, &nzents) != 0) {
		zperror(gettext("failed to get zone list"), B_FALSE);
		free(zids);
		return (Z_ERR);
	}
	if (nzents != nzents_saved) {
		/* list changed, try again */
		free(zids);
		goto again;
	}

	zents = safe_calloc(nzents, sizeof (zone_entry_t));

	inaltroot = zonecfg_in_alt_root();
	if (inaltroot)
		fp = zonecfg_open_scratch("", B_FALSE);
	else
		fp = NULL;
	zentp = zents;
	retv = Z_OK;
	for (i = 0; i < nzents; i++) {
		char name[ZONENAME_MAX];
		char altname[ZONENAME_MAX];

		if (getzonenamebyid(zids[i], name, sizeof (name)) < 0) {
			zperror(gettext("failed to get zone name"), B_FALSE);
			retv = Z_ERR;
			continue;
		}
		if (zonecfg_is_scratch(name)) {
			/* Ignore scratch zones by default */
			if (!inaltroot)
				continue;
			if (fp == NULL ||
			    zonecfg_reverse_scratch(fp, name, altname,
			    sizeof (altname), NULL, 0) == -1) {
				zerror(gettext("could not resolve scratch "
				    "zone %s"), name);
				retv = Z_ERR;
				continue;
			}
			(void) strcpy(name, altname);
		} else {
			/* Ignore non-scratch when in an alternate root */
			if (inaltroot && strcmp(name, GLOBAL_ZONENAME) != 0)
				continue;
		}
		if (lookup_zone_info(name, zids[i], zentp) != Z_OK) {
			zerror(gettext("failed to get zone data"));
			retv = Z_ERR;
			continue;
		}
		zentp++;
	}
	nzents = zentp - zents;
	if (fp != NULL)
		zonecfg_close_scratch(fp);

	free(zids);
	return (retv);
}

static int
zone_print_list(zone_state_t min_state, boolean_t verbose, boolean_t parsable)
{
	int i;
	zone_entry_t zent;
	FILE *cookie;
	char *name;

	/*
	 * First get the list of running zones from the kernel and print them.
	 * If that is all we need, then return.
	 */
	if ((i = fetch_zents()) != Z_OK) {
		/*
		 * No need for error messages; fetch_zents() has already taken
		 * care of this.
		 */
		return (i);
	}
	for (i = 0; i < nzents; i++)
		zone_print(&zents[i], verbose, parsable);
	if (min_state >= ZONE_STATE_RUNNING)
		return (Z_OK);
	/*
	 * Next, get the full list of zones from the configuration, skipping
	 * any we have already printed.
	 */
	cookie = setzoneent();
	while ((name = getzoneent(cookie)) != NULL) {
		for (i = 0; i < nzents; i++) {
			if (strcmp(zents[i].zname, name) == 0)
				break;
		}
		if (i < nzents) {
			free(name);
			continue;
		}
		if (lookup_zone_info(name, ZONE_ID_UNDEFINED, &zent) != Z_OK) {
			free(name);
			continue;
		}
		free(name);
		if (zent.zstate_num >= min_state)
			zone_print(&zent, verbose, parsable);
	}
	endzoneent(cookie);
	return (Z_OK);
}

static zone_entry_t *
lookup_running_zone(char *str)
{
	zoneid_t zoneid;
	char *cp;
	int i;

	if (fetch_zents() != Z_OK)
		return (NULL);

	for (i = 0; i < nzents; i++) {
		if (strcmp(str, zents[i].zname) == 0)
			return (&zents[i]);
	}
	errno = 0;
	zoneid = strtol(str, &cp, 0);
	if (zoneid < MIN_ZONEID || zoneid > MAX_ZONEID ||
	    errno != 0 || *cp != '\0')
		return (NULL);
	for (i = 0; i < nzents; i++) {
		if (zoneid == zents[i].zid)
			return (&zents[i]);
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/*
 * Check a bit in a mode_t: if on is B_TRUE, that bit should be on; if
 * B_FALSE, it should be off.  Return B_TRUE if the mode is bad (incorrect).
 */
static boolean_t
bad_mode_bit(mode_t mode, mode_t bit, boolean_t on, char *file)
{
	char *str;

	assert(bit == S_IRUSR || bit == S_IWUSR || bit == S_IXUSR ||
	    bit == S_IRGRP || bit == S_IWGRP || bit == S_IXGRP ||
	    bit == S_IROTH || bit == S_IWOTH || bit == S_IXOTH);
	/*
	 * TRANSLATION_NOTE
	 * The strings below will be used as part of a larger message,
	 * either:
	 * (file name) must be (owner|group|world) (read|writ|execut)able
	 * or
	 * (file name) must not be (owner|group|world) (read|writ|execut)able
	 */
	switch (bit) {
	case S_IRUSR:
		str = gettext("owner readable");
		break;
	case S_IWUSR:
		str = gettext("owner writable");
		break;
	case S_IXUSR:
		str = gettext("owner executable");
		break;
	case S_IRGRP:
		str = gettext("group readable");
		break;
	case S_IWGRP:
		str = gettext("group writable");
		break;
	case S_IXGRP:
		str = gettext("group executable");
		break;
	case S_IROTH:
		str = gettext("world readable");
		break;
	case S_IWOTH:
		str = gettext("world writable");
		break;
	case S_IXOTH:
		str = gettext("world executable");
		break;
	}
	if ((mode & bit) == (on ? 0 : bit)) {
		/*
		 * TRANSLATION_NOTE
		 * The first parameter below is a file name; the second
		 * is one of the "(owner|group|world) (read|writ|execut)able"
		 * strings from above.
		 */
		/*
		 * The code below could be simplified but not in a way
		 * that would easily translate to non-English locales.
		 */
		if (on) {
			(void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("%s must be %s.\n"),
			    file, str);
		} else {
			(void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("%s must not be %s.\n"),
			    file, str);
		}
		return (B_TRUE);
	}
	return (B_FALSE);
}

/*
 * We want to make sure that no zone has its zone path as a child node
 * (in the directory sense) of any other.  We do that by comparing this
 * zone's path to the path of all other (non-global) zones.  The comparison
 * in each case is simple: add '/' to the end of the path, then do a
 * strncmp() of the two paths, using the length of the shorter one.
 */

static int
crosscheck_zonepaths(char *path)
{
	char rpath[MAXPATHLEN];		/* resolved path */
	char path_copy[MAXPATHLEN];	/* copy of original path */
	char rpath_copy[MAXPATHLEN];	/* copy of original rpath */
	struct zoneent *ze;
	int res, err;
	FILE *cookie;

	cookie = setzoneent();
	while ((ze = getzoneent_private(cookie)) != NULL) {
		/* Skip zones which are not installed. */
		if (ze->zone_state < ZONE_STATE_INSTALLED) {
			free(ze);
			continue;
		}
		/* Skip the global zone and the current target zone. */
		if (strcmp(ze->zone_name, GLOBAL_ZONENAME) == 0 ||
		    strcmp(ze->zone_name, target_zone) == 0) {
			free(ze);
			continue;
		}
		if (strlen(ze->zone_path) == 0) {
			/* old index file without path, fall back */
			if ((err = zone_get_zonepath(ze->zone_name,
			    ze->zone_path, sizeof (ze->zone_path))) != Z_OK) {
				errno = err;
				zperror2(ze->zone_name,
				    gettext("could not get zone path"));
				free(ze);
				continue;
			}
		}
		(void) snprintf(path_copy, sizeof (path_copy), "%s%s",
		    zonecfg_get_root(), ze->zone_path);
		res = resolvepath(path_copy, rpath, sizeof (rpath));
		if (res == -1) {
			if (errno != ENOENT) {
				zperror(path_copy, B_FALSE);
				free(ze);
				return (Z_ERR);
			}
			(void) printf(gettext("WARNING: zone %s is installed, "
			    "but its %s %s does not exist.\n"), ze->zone_name,
			    "zonepath", path_copy);
			free(ze);
			continue;
		}
		rpath[res] = '\0';
		(void) snprintf(path_copy, sizeof (path_copy), "%s/", path);
		(void) snprintf(rpath_copy, sizeof (rpath_copy), "%s/", rpath);
		if (strncmp(path_copy, rpath_copy,
		    min(strlen(path_copy), strlen(rpath_copy))) == 0) {
			/*
			 * TRANSLATION_NOTE
			 * zonepath is a literal that should not be translated.
			 */
			(void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("%s zonepath (%s) and "
			    "%s zonepath (%s) overlap.\n"),
			    target_zone, path, ze->zone_name, rpath);
			free(ze);
			return (Z_ERR);
		}
		free(ze);
	}
	endzoneent(cookie);
	return (Z_OK);
}

static int
validate_zonepath(char *path, int cmd_num)
{
	int res;			/* result of last library/system call */
	boolean_t err = B_FALSE;	/* have we run into an error? */
	struct stat stbuf;
	struct statvfs64 vfsbuf;
	char rpath[MAXPATHLEN];		/* resolved path */
	char ppath[MAXPATHLEN];		/* parent path */
	char rppath[MAXPATHLEN];	/* resolved parent path */
	char rootpath[MAXPATHLEN];	/* root path */
	zone_state_t state;

	if (path[0] != '/') {
		(void) fprintf(stderr,
		    gettext("%s is not an absolute path.\n"), path);
		return (Z_ERR);
	}
	if ((res = resolvepath(path, rpath, sizeof (rpath))) == -1) {
		if ((errno != ENOENT) ||
		    (cmd_num != CMD_VERIFY && cmd_num != CMD_INSTALL &&
		    cmd_num != CMD_CLONE && cmd_num != CMD_MOVE)) {
			zperror(path, B_FALSE);
			return (Z_ERR);
		}
		if (cmd_num == CMD_VERIFY) {
			/*
			 * TRANSLATION_NOTE
			 * zoneadm is a literal that should not be translated.
			 */
			(void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("WARNING: %s does not "
			    "exist, so it could not be verified.\nWhen "
			    "'zoneadm %s' is run, '%s' will try to create\n%s, "
			    "and '%s' will be tried again,\nbut the '%s' may "
			    "fail if:\nthe parent directory of %s is group- or "
			    "other-writable\nor\n%s overlaps with any other "
			    "installed zones.\n"), path,
			    cmd_to_str(CMD_INSTALL), cmd_to_str(CMD_INSTALL),
			    path, cmd_to_str(CMD_VERIFY),
			    cmd_to_str(CMD_VERIFY), path, path);
			return (Z_OK);
		}
		/*
		 * The zonepath is supposed to be mode 700 but its
		 * parent(s) 755.  So use 755 on the mkdirp() then
		 * chmod() the zonepath itself to 700.
		 */
		if (mkdirp(path, DEFAULT_DIR_MODE) < 0) {
			zperror(path, B_FALSE);
			return (Z_ERR);
		}
		/*
		 * If the chmod() fails, report the error, but might
		 * as well continue the verify procedure.
		 */
		if (chmod(path, S_IRWXU) != 0)
			zperror(path, B_FALSE);
		/*
		 * Since the mkdir() succeeded, we should not have to
		 * worry about a subsequent ENOENT, thus this should
		 * only recurse once.
		 */
		return (validate_zonepath(path, cmd_num));
	}
	rpath[res] = '\0';
	if (strcmp(path, rpath) != 0) {
		errno = Z_RESOLVED_PATH;
		zperror(path, B_TRUE);
		return (Z_ERR);
	}
	if ((res = stat(rpath, &stbuf)) != 0) {
		zperror(rpath, B_FALSE);
		return (Z_ERR);
	}
	if (!S_ISDIR(stbuf.st_mode)) {
		(void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("%s is not a directory.\n"),
		    rpath);
		return (Z_ERR);
	}
	if (strcmp(stbuf.st_fstype, MNTTYPE_TMPFS) == 0) {
		(void) printf(gettext("WARNING: %s is on a temporary "
		    "file system.\n"), rpath);
	}
	if (crosscheck_zonepaths(rpath) != Z_OK)
		return (Z_ERR);
	/*
	 * Try to collect and report as many minor errors as possible
	 * before returning, so the user can learn everything that needs
	 * to be fixed up front.
	 */
	if (stbuf.st_uid != 0) {
		(void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("%s is not owned by root.\n"),
		    rpath);
		err = B_TRUE;
	}
	err |= bad_mode_bit(stbuf.st_mode, S_IRUSR, B_TRUE, rpath);
	err |= bad_mode_bit(stbuf.st_mode, S_IWUSR, B_TRUE, rpath);
	err |= bad_mode_bit(stbuf.st_mode, S_IXUSR, B_TRUE, rpath);
	err |= bad_mode_bit(stbuf.st_mode, S_IRGRP, B_FALSE, rpath);
	err |= bad_mode_bit(stbuf.st_mode, S_IWGRP, B_FALSE, rpath);
	err |= bad_mode_bit(stbuf.st_mode, S_IXGRP, B_FALSE, rpath);
	err |= bad_mode_bit(stbuf.st_mode, S_IROTH, B_FALSE, rpath);
	err |= bad_mode_bit(stbuf.st_mode, S_IWOTH, B_FALSE, rpath);
	err |= bad_mode_bit(stbuf.st_mode, S_IXOTH, B_FALSE, rpath);

	(void) snprintf(ppath, sizeof (ppath), "%s/..", path);
	if ((res = resolvepath(ppath, rppath, sizeof (rppath))) == -1) {
		zperror(ppath, B_FALSE);
		return (Z_ERR);
	}
	rppath[res] = '\0';
	if ((res = stat(rppath, &stbuf)) != 0) {
		zperror(rppath, B_FALSE);
		return (Z_ERR);
	}
	/* theoretically impossible */
	if (!S_ISDIR(stbuf.st_mode)) {
		(void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("%s is not a directory.\n"),
		    rppath);
		return (Z_ERR);
	}
	if (stbuf.st_uid != 0) {
		(void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("%s is not owned by root.\n"),
		    rppath);
		err = B_TRUE;
	}
	err |= bad_mode_bit(stbuf.st_mode, S_IRUSR, B_TRUE, rppath);
	err |= bad_mode_bit(stbuf.st_mode, S_IWUSR, B_TRUE, rppath);
	err |= bad_mode_bit(stbuf.st_mode, S_IXUSR, B_TRUE, rppath);
	err |= bad_mode_bit(stbuf.st_mode, S_IWGRP, B_FALSE, rppath);
	err |= bad_mode_bit(stbuf.st_mode, S_IWOTH, B_FALSE, rppath);
	if (strcmp(rpath, rppath) == 0) {
		(void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("%s is its own parent.\n"),
		    rppath);
		err = B_TRUE;
	}

	if (statvfs64(rpath, &vfsbuf) != 0) {
		zperror(rpath, B_FALSE);
		return (Z_ERR);
	}
	if (strcmp(vfsbuf.f_basetype, MNTTYPE_NFS) == 0) {
		/*
		 * TRANSLATION_NOTE
		 * Zonepath and NFS are literals that should not be translated.
		 */
		(void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("Zonepath %s is on an NFS "
		    "mounted file system.\n"
		    "\tA local file system must be used.\n"), rpath);
		return (Z_ERR);
	}
	if (vfsbuf.f_flag & ST_NOSUID) {
		/*
		 * TRANSLATION_NOTE
		 * Zonepath and nosuid are literals that should not be
		 * translated.
		 */
		(void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("Zonepath %s is on a nosuid "
		    "file system.\n"), rpath);
		return (Z_ERR);
	}

	if ((res = zone_get_state(target_zone, &state)) != Z_OK) {
		errno = res;
		zperror2(target_zone, gettext("could not get state"));
		return (Z_ERR);
	}
	/*
	 * The existence of the root path is only bad in the configured state,
	 * as it is *supposed* to be there at the installed and later states.
	 * However, the root path is expected to be there if the zone is
	 * detached.
	 * State/command mismatches are caught earlier in verify_details().
	 */
	if (state == ZONE_STATE_CONFIGURED && cmd_num != CMD_ATTACH) {
		if (snprintf(rootpath, sizeof (rootpath), "%s/root", rpath) >=
		    sizeof (rootpath)) {
			/*
			 * TRANSLATION_NOTE
			 * Zonepath is a literal that should not be translated.
			 */
			(void) fprintf(stderr,
			    gettext("Zonepath %s is too long.\n"), rpath);
			return (Z_ERR);
		}
		if ((res = stat(rootpath, &stbuf)) == 0) {
			if (zonecfg_detached(rpath))
				(void) fprintf(stderr,
				    gettext("Cannot %s detached "
				    "zone.\nUse attach or remove %s "
				    "directory.\n"), cmd_to_str(cmd_num),
				    rpath);
			else
				(void) fprintf(stderr,
				    gettext("Rootpath %s exists; "
				    "remove or move aside prior to %s.\n"),
				    rootpath, cmd_to_str(cmd_num));
			return (Z_ERR);
		}
	}

	return (err ? Z_ERR : Z_OK);
}

/*
 * The following two routines implement a simple locking mechanism to
 * ensure that only one instance of zoneadm at a time is able to manipulate
 * a given zone.  The lock is built on top of an fcntl(2) lock of
 * [<altroot>]/var/run/zones/<zonename>.zoneadm.lock.  If a zoneadm instance
 * can grab that lock, it is allowed to manipulate the zone.
 *
 * Since zoneadm may call external applications which in turn invoke
 * zoneadm again, we introduce the notion of "lock inheritance".  Any
 * instance of zoneadm that has another instance in its ancestry is assumed
 * to be acting on behalf of the original zoneadm, and is thus allowed to
 * manipulate its zone.
 *
 * This inheritance is implemented via the _ZONEADM_LOCK_HELD environment
 * variable.  When zoneadm is granted a lock on its zone, this environment
 * variable is set to 1.  When it releases the lock, the variable is set to
 * 0.  Since a child process inherits its parent's environment, checking
 * the state of this variable indicates whether or not any ancestor owns
 * the lock.
 */
static void
release_lock_file(int lockfd)
{
	/*
	 * If we are cleaning up from a failed attempt to lock the zone for
	 * the first time, we might have a zone_lock_cnt of 0.  In that
	 * error case, we don't want to do anything but close the lock
	 * file.
	 */
	assert(zone_lock_cnt >= 0);
	if (zone_lock_cnt > 0) {
		assert(getenv(LOCK_ENV_VAR) != NULL);
		assert(atoi(getenv(LOCK_ENV_VAR)) == 1);
		if (--zone_lock_cnt > 0) {
			assert(lockfd == -1);
			return;
		}
		if (putenv(zoneadm_lock_not_held) != 0) {
			zperror(target_zone, B_TRUE);
			exit(Z_ERR);
		}
	}
	assert(lockfd >= 0);
	(void) close(lockfd);
}

static int
grab_lock_file(const char *zone_name, int *lockfd)
{
	char pathbuf[PATH_MAX];
	struct flock flock;

	/*
	 * If we already have the lock, we can skip this expensive song
	 * and dance.
	 */
	if (zone_lock_cnt > 0) {
		zone_lock_cnt++;
		*lockfd = -1;
		return (Z_OK);
	}
	assert(getenv(LOCK_ENV_VAR) != NULL);
	assert(atoi(getenv(LOCK_ENV_VAR)) == 0);

	if (snprintf(pathbuf, sizeof (pathbuf), "%s%s", zonecfg_get_root(),
	    ZONES_TMPDIR) >= sizeof (pathbuf)) {
		zerror(gettext("alternate root path is too long"));
		return (Z_ERR);
	}
	if (mkdir(pathbuf, S_IRWXU) < 0 && errno != EEXIST) {
		zerror(gettext("could not mkdir %s: %s"), pathbuf,
		    strerror(errno));
		return (Z_ERR);
	}
	(void) chmod(pathbuf, S_IRWXU);

	/*
	 * One of these lock files is created for each zone (when needed).
	 * The lock files are not cleaned up (except on system reboot),
	 * but since there is only one per zone, there is no resource
	 * starvation issue.
	 */
	if (snprintf(pathbuf, sizeof (pathbuf), "%s%s/%s.zoneadm.lock",
	    zonecfg_get_root(), ZONES_TMPDIR, zone_name) >= sizeof (pathbuf)) {
		zerror(gettext("alternate root path is too long"));
		return (Z_ERR);
	}
	if ((*lockfd = open(pathbuf, O_RDWR|O_CREAT, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR)) < 0) {
		zerror(gettext("could not open %s: %s"), pathbuf,
		    strerror(errno));
		return (Z_ERR);
	}
	/*
	 * Lock the file to synchronize with other zoneadmds
	 */
	flock.l_type = F_WRLCK;
	flock.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
	flock.l_start = (off_t)0;
	flock.l_len = (off_t)0;
	if ((fcntl(*lockfd, F_SETLKW, &flock) < 0) ||
	    (putenv(zoneadm_lock_held) != 0)) {
		zerror(gettext("unable to lock %s: %s"), pathbuf,
		    strerror(errno));
		release_lock_file(*lockfd);
		return (Z_ERR);
	}
	zone_lock_cnt = 1;
	return (Z_OK);
}

static boolean_t
get_doorname(const char *zone_name, char *buffer)
{
	return (snprintf(buffer, PATH_MAX, "%s" ZONE_DOOR_PATH,
	    zonecfg_get_root(), zone_name) < PATH_MAX);
}

/*
 * system daemons are not audited.  For the global zone, this occurs
 * "naturally" since init is started with the default audit
 * characteristics.  Since zoneadmd is a system daemon and it starts
 * init for a zone, it is necessary to clear out the audit
 * characteristics inherited from whomever started zoneadmd.  This is
 * indicated by the audit id, which is set from the ruid parameter of
 * adt_set_user(), below.
 */

static void
prepare_audit_context()
{
	adt_session_data_t	*ah;
	char			*failure = gettext("audit failure: %s");

	if (adt_start_session(&ah, NULL, 0)) {
		zerror(failure, strerror(errno));
		return;
	}
	if (adt_set_user(ah, ADT_NO_AUDIT, ADT_NO_AUDIT,
	    ADT_NO_AUDIT, ADT_NO_AUDIT, NULL, ADT_NEW)) {
		zerror(failure, strerror(errno));
		(void) adt_end_session(ah);
		return;
	}
	if (adt_set_proc(ah))
		zerror(failure, strerror(errno));

	(void) adt_end_session(ah);
}

static int
start_zoneadmd(const char *zone_name)
{
	char doorpath[PATH_MAX];
	pid_t child_pid;
	int error = Z_ERR;
	int doorfd, lockfd;
	struct door_info info;

	if (!get_doorname(zone_name, doorpath))
		return (Z_ERR);

	if (grab_lock_file(zone_name, &lockfd) != Z_OK)
		return (Z_ERR);

	/*
	 * Now that we have the lock, re-confirm that the daemon is
	 * *not* up and working fine.  If it is still down, we have a green
	 * light to start it.
	 */
	if ((doorfd = open(doorpath, O_RDONLY)) < 0) {
		if (errno != ENOENT) {
			zperror(doorpath, B_FALSE);
			goto out;
		}
	} else {
		if (door_info(doorfd, &info) == 0 &&
		    ((info.di_attributes & DOOR_REVOKED) == 0)) {
			error = Z_OK;
			(void) close(doorfd);
			goto out;
		}
		(void) close(doorfd);
	}

	if ((child_pid = fork()) == -1) {
		zperror(gettext("could not fork"), B_FALSE);
		goto out;
	} else if (child_pid == 0) {
		const char *argv[6], **ap;

		/* child process */
		prepare_audit_context();

		ap = argv;
		*ap++ = "zoneadmd";
		*ap++ = "-z";
		*ap++ = zone_name;
		if (zonecfg_in_alt_root()) {
			*ap++ = "-R";
			*ap++ = zonecfg_get_root();
		}
		*ap = NULL;

		(void) execv("/usr/lib/zones/zoneadmd", (char * const *)argv);
		/*
		 * TRANSLATION_NOTE
		 * zoneadmd is a literal that should not be translated.
		 */
		zperror(gettext("could not exec zoneadmd"), B_FALSE);
		_exit(Z_ERR);
	} else {
		/* parent process */
		pid_t retval;
		int pstatus = 0;

		do {
			retval = waitpid(child_pid, &pstatus, 0);
		} while (retval != child_pid);
		if (WIFSIGNALED(pstatus) || (WIFEXITED(pstatus) &&
		    WEXITSTATUS(pstatus) != 0)) {
			zerror(gettext("could not start %s"), "zoneadmd");
			goto out;
		}
	}
	error = Z_OK;
out:
	release_lock_file(lockfd);
	return (error);
}

static int
ping_zoneadmd(const char *zone_name)
{
	char doorpath[PATH_MAX];
	int doorfd;
	struct door_info info;

	if (!get_doorname(zone_name, doorpath))
		return (Z_ERR);

	if ((doorfd = open(doorpath, O_RDONLY)) < 0) {
		return (Z_ERR);
	}
	if (door_info(doorfd, &info) == 0 &&
	    ((info.di_attributes & DOOR_REVOKED) == 0)) {
		(void) close(doorfd);
		return (Z_OK);
	}
	(void) close(doorfd);
	return (Z_ERR);
}

static int
call_zoneadmd(const char *zone_name, zone_cmd_arg_t *arg)
{
	char doorpath[PATH_MAX];
	int doorfd, result;
	door_arg_t darg;

	zoneid_t zoneid;
	uint64_t uniqid = 0;

	zone_cmd_rval_t *rvalp;
	size_t rlen;
	char *cp, *errbuf;

	rlen = getpagesize();
	if ((rvalp = malloc(rlen)) == NULL) {
		zerror(gettext("failed to allocate %lu bytes: %s"), rlen,
		    strerror(errno));
		return (-1);
	}

	if ((zoneid = getzoneidbyname(zone_name)) != ZONE_ID_UNDEFINED) {
		(void) zone_getattr(zoneid, ZONE_ATTR_UNIQID, &uniqid,
		    sizeof (uniqid));
	}
	arg->uniqid = uniqid;
	(void) strlcpy(arg->locale, locale, sizeof (arg->locale));
	if (!get_doorname(zone_name, doorpath)) {
		zerror(gettext("alternate root path is too long"));
		free(rvalp);
		return (-1);
	}

	/*
	 * Loop trying to start zoneadmd; if something goes seriously
	 * wrong we break out and fail.
	 */
	for (;;) {
		if (start_zoneadmd(zone_name) != Z_OK)
			break;

		if ((doorfd = open(doorpath, O_RDONLY)) < 0) {
			zperror(gettext("failed to open zone door"), B_FALSE);
			break;
		}

		darg.data_ptr = (char *)arg;
		darg.data_size = sizeof (*arg);
		darg.desc_ptr = NULL;
		darg.desc_num = 0;
		darg.rbuf = (char *)rvalp;
		darg.rsize = rlen;
		if (door_call(doorfd, &darg) != 0) {
			(void) close(doorfd);
			/*
			 * We'll get EBADF if the door has been revoked.
			 */
			if (errno != EBADF) {
				zperror(gettext("door_call failed"), B_FALSE);
				break;
			}
			continue;	/* take another lap */
		}
		(void) close(doorfd);

		if (darg.data_size == 0) {
			/* Door server is going away; kick it again. */
			continue;
		}

		errbuf = rvalp->errbuf;
		while (*errbuf != '\0') {
			/*
			 * Remove any newlines since zerror()
			 * will append one automatically.
			 */
			cp = strchr(errbuf, '\n');
			if (cp != NULL)
				*cp = '\0';
			zerror("%s", errbuf);
			if (cp == NULL)
				break;
			errbuf = cp + 1;
		}
		result = rvalp->rval == 0 ? 0 : -1;
		free(rvalp);
		return (result);
	}

	free(rvalp);
	return (-1);
}

static int
invoke_brand_handler(int cmd_num, char *argv[])
{
	zone_dochandle_t handle;
	int err;

	if ((handle = zonecfg_init_handle()) == NULL) {
		zperror(cmd_to_str(cmd_num), B_TRUE);
		return (Z_ERR);
	}
	if ((err = zonecfg_get_handle(target_zone, handle)) != Z_OK) {
		errno = err;
		zperror(cmd_to_str(cmd_num), B_TRUE);
		zonecfg_fini_handle(handle);
		return (Z_ERR);
	}
	if (verify_brand(handle, cmd_num, argv) != Z_OK) {
		zonecfg_fini_handle(handle);
		return (Z_ERR);
	}
	zonecfg_fini_handle(handle);
	return (Z_OK);
}

static int
ready_func(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	zone_cmd_arg_t zarg;
	int arg;

	if (zonecfg_in_alt_root()) {
		zerror(gettext("cannot ready zone in alternate root"));
		return (Z_ERR);
	}

	optind = 0;
	if ((arg = getopt(argc, argv, "?")) != EOF) {
		switch (arg) {
		case '?':
			sub_usage(SHELP_READY, CMD_READY);
			return (optopt == '?' ? Z_OK : Z_USAGE);
		default:
			sub_usage(SHELP_READY, CMD_READY);
			return (Z_USAGE);
		}
	}
	if (argc > optind) {
		sub_usage(SHELP_READY, CMD_READY);
		return (Z_USAGE);
	}
	if (sanity_check(target_zone, CMD_READY, B_FALSE, B_FALSE, B_FALSE)
	    != Z_OK)
		return (Z_ERR);
	if (verify_details(CMD_READY, argv) != Z_OK)
		return (Z_ERR);

	zarg.cmd = Z_READY;
	if (call_zoneadmd(target_zone, &zarg) != 0) {
		zerror(gettext("call to %s failed"), "zoneadmd");
		return (Z_ERR);
	}
	return (Z_OK);
}

static int
boot_func(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	zone_cmd_arg_t zarg;
	boolean_t force = B_FALSE;
	int arg;

	if (zonecfg_in_alt_root()) {
		zerror(gettext("cannot boot zone in alternate root"));
		return (Z_ERR);
	}

	zarg.bootbuf[0] = '\0';

	/*
	 * The following getopt processes arguments to zone boot; that
	 * is to say, the [here] portion of the argument string:
	 *
	 *	zoneadm -z myzone boot [here] -- -v -m verbose
	 *
	 * Where [here] can either be nothing, -? (in which case we bail
	 * and print usage), -f (a private option to indicate that the
	 * boot operation should be 'forced'), or -s.  Support for -s is
	 * vestigal and obsolete, but is retained because it was a
	 * documented interface and there are known consumers including
	 * admin/install; the proper way to specify boot arguments like -s
	 * is:
	 *
	 *	zoneadm -z myzone boot -- -s -v -m verbose.
	 */
	optind = 0;
	while ((arg = getopt(argc, argv, "?fs")) != EOF) {
		switch (arg) {
		case '?':
			sub_usage(SHELP_BOOT, CMD_BOOT);
			return (optopt == '?' ? Z_OK : Z_USAGE);
		case 's':
			(void) strlcpy(zarg.bootbuf, "-s",
			    sizeof (zarg.bootbuf));
			break;
		case 'f':
			force = B_TRUE;
			break;
		default:
			sub_usage(SHELP_BOOT, CMD_BOOT);
			return (Z_USAGE);
		}
	}

	for (; optind < argc; optind++) {
		if (strlcat(zarg.bootbuf, argv[optind],
		    sizeof (zarg.bootbuf)) >= sizeof (zarg.bootbuf)) {
			zerror(gettext("Boot argument list too long"));
			return (Z_ERR);
		}
		if (optind < argc - 1)
			if (strlcat(zarg.bootbuf, " ", sizeof (zarg.bootbuf)) >=
			    sizeof (zarg.bootbuf)) {
				zerror(gettext("Boot argument list too long"));
				return (Z_ERR);
			}
	}
	if (sanity_check(target_zone, CMD_BOOT, B_FALSE, B_FALSE, force)
	    != Z_OK)
		return (Z_ERR);
	if (verify_details(CMD_BOOT, argv) != Z_OK)
		return (Z_ERR);
	zarg.cmd = force ? Z_FORCEBOOT : Z_BOOT;
	if (call_zoneadmd(target_zone, &zarg) != 0) {
		zerror(gettext("call to %s failed"), "zoneadmd");
		return (Z_ERR);
	}

	return (Z_OK);
}

static void
fake_up_local_zone(zoneid_t zid, zone_entry_t *zeptr)
{
	ssize_t result;
	uuid_t uuid;
	FILE *fp;
	ushort_t flags;

	(void) memset(zeptr, 0, sizeof (*zeptr));

	zeptr->zid = zid;

	/*
	 * Since we're looking up our own (non-global) zone name,
	 * we can be assured that it will succeed.
	 */
	result = getzonenamebyid(zid, zeptr->zname, sizeof (zeptr->zname));
	assert(result >= 0);
	if (zonecfg_is_scratch(zeptr->zname) &&
	    (fp = zonecfg_open_scratch("", B_FALSE)) != NULL) {
		(void) zonecfg_reverse_scratch(fp, zeptr->zname, zeptr->zname,
		    sizeof (zeptr->zname), NULL, 0);
		zonecfg_close_scratch(fp);
	}

	if (is_system_labeled()) {
		(void) zone_getattr(zid, ZONE_ATTR_ROOT, zeptr->zroot,
		    sizeof (zeptr->zroot));
		(void) strlcpy(zeptr->zbrand, NATIVE_BRAND_NAME,
			    sizeof (zeptr->zbrand));
	} else {
		(void) strlcpy(zeptr->zroot, "/", sizeof (zeptr->zroot));
		(void) zone_getattr(zid, ZONE_ATTR_BRAND, zeptr->zbrand,
		    sizeof (zeptr->zbrand));
	}

	zeptr->zstate_str = "running";
	if (zonecfg_get_uuid(zeptr->zname, uuid) == Z_OK &&
	    !uuid_is_null(uuid))
		uuid_unparse(uuid, zeptr->zuuid);

	if (zone_getattr(zid, ZONE_ATTR_FLAGS, &flags, sizeof (flags)) < 0) {
		zperror2(zeptr->zname, gettext("could not get zone flags"));
		exit(Z_ERR);
	}
	if (flags & ZF_NET_EXCL)
		zeptr->ziptype = ZS_EXCLUSIVE;
	else
		zeptr->ziptype = ZS_SHARED;
}

static int
list_func(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	zone_entry_t *zentp, zent;
	int arg, retv;
	boolean_t output = B_FALSE, verbose = B_FALSE, parsable = B_FALSE;
	zone_state_t min_state = ZONE_STATE_RUNNING;
	zoneid_t zone_id = getzoneid();

	if (target_zone == NULL) {
		/* all zones: default view to running but allow override */
		optind = 0;
		while ((arg = getopt(argc, argv, "?cipv")) != EOF) {
			switch (arg) {
			case '?':
				sub_usage(SHELP_LIST, CMD_LIST);
				return (optopt == '?' ? Z_OK : Z_USAGE);
				/*
				 * The 'i' and 'c' options are not mutually
				 * exclusive so if 'c' is given, then min_state
				 * is set to 0 (ZONE_STATE_CONFIGURED) which is
				 * the lowest possible state.  If 'i' is given,
				 * then min_state is set to be the lowest state
				 * so far.
				 */
			case 'c':
				min_state = ZONE_STATE_CONFIGURED;
				break;
			case 'i':
				min_state = min(ZONE_STATE_INSTALLED,
				    min_state);

				break;
			case 'p':
				parsable = B_TRUE;
				break;
			case 'v':
				verbose = B_TRUE;
				break;
			default:
				sub_usage(SHELP_LIST, CMD_LIST);
				return (Z_USAGE);
			}
		}
		if (parsable && verbose) {
			zerror(gettext("%s -p and -v are mutually exclusive."),
			    cmd_to_str(CMD_LIST));
			return (Z_ERR);
		}
		if (zone_id == GLOBAL_ZONEID || is_system_labeled()) {
			retv = zone_print_list(min_state, verbose, parsable);
		} else {
			fake_up_local_zone(zone_id, &zent);
			retv = Z_OK;
			zone_print(&zent, verbose, parsable);
		}
		return (retv);
	}

	/*
	 * Specific target zone: disallow -i/-c suboptions.
	 */
	optind = 0;
	while ((arg = getopt(argc, argv, "?pv")) != EOF) {
		switch (arg) {
		case '?':
			sub_usage(SHELP_LIST, CMD_LIST);
			return (optopt == '?' ? Z_OK : Z_USAGE);
		case 'p':
			parsable = B_TRUE;
			break;
		case 'v':
			verbose = B_TRUE;
			break;
		default:
			sub_usage(SHELP_LIST, CMD_LIST);
			return (Z_USAGE);
		}
	}
	if (parsable && verbose) {
		zerror(gettext("%s -p and -v are mutually exclusive."),
		    cmd_to_str(CMD_LIST));
		return (Z_ERR);
	}
	if (argc > optind) {
		sub_usage(SHELP_LIST, CMD_LIST);
		return (Z_USAGE);
	}
	if (zone_id != GLOBAL_ZONEID) {
		fake_up_local_zone(zone_id, &zent);
		/*
		 * main() will issue a Z_NO_ZONE error if it cannot get an
		 * id for target_zone, which in a non-global zone should
		 * happen for any zone name except `zonename`.  Thus we
		 * assert() that here but don't otherwise check.
		 */
		assert(strcmp(zent.zname, target_zone) == 0);
		zone_print(&zent, verbose, parsable);
		output = B_TRUE;
	} else if ((zentp = lookup_running_zone(target_zone)) != NULL) {
		zone_print(zentp, verbose, parsable);
		output = B_TRUE;
	} else if (lookup_zone_info(target_zone, ZONE_ID_UNDEFINED,
	    &zent) == Z_OK) {
		zone_print(&zent, verbose, parsable);
		output = B_TRUE;
	}

	/*
	 * Invoke brand-specific handler. Note that we do this
	 * only if we're in the global zone, and target_zone is specified.
	 */
	if (zone_id == GLOBAL_ZONEID && target_zone != NULL)
		if (invoke_brand_handler(CMD_LIST, argv) != Z_OK)
			return (Z_ERR);

	return (output ? Z_OK : Z_ERR);
}

static void
sigterm(int sig)
{
	/*
	 * Ignore SIG{INT,TERM}, so we don't end up in an infinite loop,
	 * then propagate the signal to our process group.
	 */
	assert(sig == SIGINT || sig == SIGTERM);
	(void) sigset(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
	(void) sigset(SIGTERM, SIG_IGN);
	(void) kill(0, sig);
	child_killed = B_TRUE;
}

static int
do_subproc(char *cmdbuf)
{
	char inbuf[1024];	/* arbitrary large amount */
	FILE *file;

	do_subproc_cnt++;
	child_killed = B_FALSE;
	/*
	 * We use popen(3c) to launch child processes for [un]install;
	 * this library call does not return a PID, so we have to kill
	 * the whole process group.  To avoid killing our parent, we
	 * become a process group leader here.  But doing so can wreak
	 * havoc with reading from stdin when launched by a non-job-control
	 * shell, so we close stdin and reopen it as /dev/null first.
	 */
	(void) close(STDIN_FILENO);
	(void) openat(STDIN_FILENO, "/dev/null", O_RDONLY);
	if (!zoneadm_is_nested)
		(void) setpgid(0, 0);
	(void) sigset(SIGINT, sigterm);
	(void) sigset(SIGTERM, sigterm);
	file = popen(cmdbuf, "r");
	for (;;) {
		if (child_killed || fgets(inbuf, sizeof (inbuf), file) == NULL)
			break;
		(void) fputs(inbuf, stdout);
	}
	(void) sigset(SIGINT, SIG_DFL);
	(void) sigset(SIGTERM, SIG_DFL);
	return (pclose(file));
}

static int
do_subproc_interactive(char *cmdbuf)
{
	void (*saveint)(int);
	void (*saveterm)(int);
	void (*savequit)(int);
	void (*savehup)(int);
	int pid, child, status;

	/*
	 * do_subproc() links stdin to /dev/null, which would break any
	 * interactive subprocess we try to launch here.  Similarly, we
	 * can't have been launched as a subprocess ourselves.
	 */
	assert(do_subproc_cnt == 0 && !zoneadm_is_nested);

	if ((child = vfork()) == 0) {
		(void) execl("/bin/sh", "sh", "-c", cmdbuf, (char *)NULL);
	}

	if (child == -1)
		return (-1);

	saveint = sigset(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
	saveterm = sigset(SIGTERM, SIG_IGN);
	savequit = sigset(SIGQUIT, SIG_IGN);
	savehup = sigset(SIGHUP, SIG_IGN);

	while ((pid = waitpid(child, &status, 0)) != child && pid != -1)
		;

	(void) sigset(SIGINT, saveint);
	(void) sigset(SIGTERM, saveterm);
	(void) sigset(SIGQUIT, savequit);
	(void) sigset(SIGHUP, savehup);

	return (pid == -1 ? -1 : status);
}

static int
subproc_status(const char *cmd, int status, boolean_t verbose_failure)
{
	if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
		int exit_code = WEXITSTATUS(status);

		if ((verbose_failure) && (exit_code != ZONE_SUBPROC_OK))
			zerror(gettext("'%s' failed with exit code %d."), cmd,
			    exit_code);

		return (exit_code);
	} else if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
		int signal = WTERMSIG(status);
		char sigstr[SIG2STR_MAX];

		if (sig2str(signal, sigstr) == 0) {
			zerror(gettext("'%s' terminated by signal SIG%s."), cmd,
			    sigstr);
		} else {
			zerror(gettext("'%s' terminated by an unknown signal."),
			    cmd);
		}
	} else {
		zerror(gettext("'%s' failed for unknown reasons."), cmd);
	}

	/*
	 * Assume a subprocess that died due to a signal or an unknown error
	 * should be considered an exit code of ZONE_SUBPROC_FATAL, as the
	 * user will likely need to do some manual cleanup.
	 */
	return (ZONE_SUBPROC_FATAL);
}

/*
 * Various sanity checks; make sure:
 * 1. We're in the global zone.
 * 2. The calling user has sufficient privilege.
 * 3. The target zone is neither the global zone nor anything starting with
 *    "SUNW".
 * 4a. If we're looking for a 'not running' (i.e., configured or installed)
 *     zone, the name service knows about it.
 * 4b. For some operations which expect a zone not to be running, that it is
 *     not already running (or ready).
 */
static int
sanity_check(char *zone, int cmd_num, boolean_t running,
    boolean_t unsafe_when_running, boolean_t force)
{
	zone_entry_t *zent;
	priv_set_t *privset;
	zone_state_t state, min_state;
	char kernzone[ZONENAME_MAX];
	FILE *fp;

	if (getzoneid() != GLOBAL_ZONEID) {
		switch (cmd_num) {
		case CMD_HALT:
			zerror(gettext("use %s to %s this zone."), "halt(1M)",
			    cmd_to_str(cmd_num));
			break;
		case CMD_REBOOT:
			zerror(gettext("use %s to %s this zone."),
			    "reboot(1M)", cmd_to_str(cmd_num));
			break;
		default:
			zerror(gettext("must be in the global zone to %s a "
			    "zone."), cmd_to_str(cmd_num));
			break;
		}
		return (Z_ERR);
	}

	if ((privset = priv_allocset()) == NULL) {
		zerror(gettext("%s failed"), "priv_allocset");
		return (Z_ERR);
	}

	if (getppriv(PRIV_EFFECTIVE, privset) != 0) {
		zerror(gettext("%s failed"), "getppriv");
		priv_freeset(privset);
		return (Z_ERR);
	}

	if (priv_isfullset(privset) == B_FALSE) {
		zerror(gettext("only a privileged user may %s a zone."),
		    cmd_to_str(cmd_num));
		priv_freeset(privset);
		return (Z_ERR);
	}
	priv_freeset(privset);

	if (zone == NULL) {
		zerror(gettext("no zone specified"));
		return (Z_ERR);
	}

	if (strcmp(zone, GLOBAL_ZONENAME) == 0) {
		zerror(gettext("%s operation is invalid for the global zone."),
		    cmd_to_str(cmd_num));
		return (Z_ERR);
	}

	if (strncmp(zone, "SUNW", 4) == 0) {
		zerror(gettext("%s operation is invalid for zones starting "
		    "with SUNW."), cmd_to_str(cmd_num));
		return (Z_ERR);
	}

	if (!is_native_zone && cmd_num == CMD_MOUNT) {
		zerror(gettext("%s operation is invalid for branded zones."),
		    cmd_to_str(cmd_num));
			return (Z_ERR);
	}

	if (!zonecfg_in_alt_root()) {
		zent = lookup_running_zone(zone);
	} else if ((fp = zonecfg_open_scratch("", B_FALSE)) == NULL) {
		zent = NULL;
	} else {
		if (zonecfg_find_scratch(fp, zone, zonecfg_get_root(),
		    kernzone, sizeof (kernzone)) == 0)
			zent = lookup_running_zone(kernzone);
		else
			zent = NULL;
		zonecfg_close_scratch(fp);
	}

	/*
	 * Look up from the kernel for 'running' zones.
	 */
	if (running && !force) {
		if (zent == NULL) {
			zerror(gettext("not running"));
			return (Z_ERR);
		}
	} else {
		int err;

		if (unsafe_when_running && zent != NULL) {
			/* check whether the zone is ready or running */
			if ((err = zone_get_state(zent->zname,
			    &zent->zstate_num)) != Z_OK) {
				errno = err;
				zperror2(zent->zname,
				    gettext("could not get state"));
				/* can't tell, so hedge */
				zent->zstate_str = "ready/running";
			} else {
				zent->zstate_str =
				    zone_state_str(zent->zstate_num);
			}
			zerror(gettext("%s operation is invalid for %s zones."),
			    cmd_to_str(cmd_num), zent->zstate_str);
			return (Z_ERR);
		}
		if ((err = zone_get_state(zone, &state)) != Z_OK) {
			errno = err;
			zperror2(zone, gettext("could not get state"));
			return (Z_ERR);
		}
		switch (cmd_num) {
		case CMD_UNINSTALL:
			if (state == ZONE_STATE_CONFIGURED) {
				zerror(gettext("is already in state '%s'."),
				    zone_state_str(ZONE_STATE_CONFIGURED));
				return (Z_ERR);
			}
			break;
		case CMD_ATTACH:
		case CMD_CLONE:
		case CMD_INSTALL:
			if (state == ZONE_STATE_INSTALLED) {
				zerror(gettext("is already %s."),
				    zone_state_str(ZONE_STATE_INSTALLED));
				return (Z_ERR);
			} else if (state == ZONE_STATE_INCOMPLETE) {
				zerror(gettext("zone is %s; %s required."),
				    zone_state_str(ZONE_STATE_INCOMPLETE),
				    cmd_to_str(CMD_UNINSTALL));
				return (Z_ERR);
			}
			break;
		case CMD_DETACH:
		case CMD_MOVE:
		case CMD_READY:
		case CMD_BOOT:
		case CMD_MOUNT:
		case CMD_MARK:
			if ((cmd_num == CMD_BOOT || cmd_num == CMD_MOUNT) &&
			    force)
				min_state = ZONE_STATE_INCOMPLETE;
			else
				min_state = ZONE_STATE_INSTALLED;

			if (force && cmd_num == CMD_BOOT && is_native_zone) {
				zerror(gettext("Only branded zones may be "
				    "force-booted."));
				return (Z_ERR);
			}

			if (state < min_state) {
				zerror(gettext("must be %s before %s."),
				    zone_state_str(min_state),
				    cmd_to_str(cmd_num));
				return (Z_ERR);
			}
			break;
		case CMD_VERIFY:
			if (state == ZONE_STATE_INCOMPLETE) {
				zerror(gettext("zone is %s; %s required."),
				    zone_state_str(ZONE_STATE_INCOMPLETE),
				    cmd_to_str(CMD_UNINSTALL));
				return (Z_ERR);
			}
			break;
		case CMD_UNMOUNT:
			if (state != ZONE_STATE_MOUNTED) {
				zerror(gettext("must be %s before %s."),
				    zone_state_str(ZONE_STATE_MOUNTED),
				    cmd_to_str(cmd_num));
				return (Z_ERR);
			}
			break;
		}
	}
	return (Z_OK);
}

static int
halt_func(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	zone_cmd_arg_t zarg;
	int arg;

	if (zonecfg_in_alt_root()) {
		zerror(gettext("cannot halt zone in alternate root"));
		return (Z_ERR);
	}

	optind = 0;
	if ((arg = getopt(argc, argv, "?")) != EOF) {
		switch (arg) {
		case '?':
			sub_usage(SHELP_HALT, CMD_HALT);
			return (optopt == '?' ? Z_OK : Z_USAGE);
		default:
			sub_usage(SHELP_HALT, CMD_HALT);
			return (Z_USAGE);
		}
	}
	if (argc > optind) {
		sub_usage(SHELP_HALT, CMD_HALT);
		return (Z_USAGE);
	}
	/*
	 * zoneadmd should be the one to decide whether or not to proceed,
	 * so even though it seems that the fourth parameter below should
	 * perhaps be B_TRUE, it really shouldn't be.
	 */
	if (sanity_check(target_zone, CMD_HALT, B_FALSE, B_FALSE, B_FALSE)
	    != Z_OK)
		return (Z_ERR);

	/*
	 * Invoke brand-specific handler.
	 */
	if (invoke_brand_handler(CMD_HALT, argv) != Z_OK)
		return (Z_ERR);

	zarg.cmd = Z_HALT;
	return ((call_zoneadmd(target_zone, &zarg) == 0) ? Z_OK : Z_ERR);
}

static int
reboot_func(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	zone_cmd_arg_t zarg;
	int arg;

	if (zonecfg_in_alt_root()) {
		zerror(gettext("cannot reboot zone in alternate root"));
		return (Z_ERR);
	}

	optind = 0;
	if ((arg = getopt(argc, argv, "?")) != EOF) {
		switch (arg) {
		case '?':
			sub_usage(SHELP_REBOOT, CMD_REBOOT);
			return (optopt == '?' ? Z_OK : Z_USAGE);
		default:
			sub_usage(SHELP_REBOOT, CMD_REBOOT);
			return (Z_USAGE);
		}
	}

	zarg.bootbuf[0] = '\0';
	for (; optind < argc; optind++) {
		if (strlcat(zarg.bootbuf, argv[optind],
		    sizeof (zarg.bootbuf)) >= sizeof (zarg.bootbuf)) {
			zerror(gettext("Boot argument list too long"));
			return (Z_ERR);
		}
		if (optind < argc - 1)
			if (strlcat(zarg.bootbuf, " ", sizeof (zarg.bootbuf)) >=
			    sizeof (zarg.bootbuf)) {
				zerror(gettext("Boot argument list too long"));
				return (Z_ERR);
			}
	}


	/*
	 * zoneadmd should be the one to decide whether or not to proceed,
	 * so even though it seems that the fourth parameter below should
	 * perhaps be B_TRUE, it really shouldn't be.
	 */
	if (sanity_check(target_zone, CMD_REBOOT, B_TRUE, B_FALSE, B_FALSE)
	    != Z_OK)
		return (Z_ERR);
	if (verify_details(CMD_REBOOT, argv) != Z_OK)
		return (Z_ERR);

	zarg.cmd = Z_REBOOT;
	return ((call_zoneadmd(target_zone, &zarg) == 0) ? Z_OK : Z_ERR);
}

static int
verify_brand(zone_dochandle_t handle, int cmd_num, char *argv[])
{
	char cmdbuf[MAXPATHLEN];
	int err;
	char zonepath[MAXPATHLEN];
	brand_handle_t bh = NULL;
	int status, i;

	/*
	 * Fetch the verify command from the brand configuration.
	 * "exec" the command so that the returned status is that of
	 * the command and not the shell.
	 */
	if ((err = zonecfg_get_zonepath(handle, zonepath, sizeof (zonepath))) !=
	    Z_OK) {
		errno = err;
		zperror(cmd_to_str(cmd_num), B_TRUE);
		return (Z_ERR);
	}
	if ((bh = brand_open(target_brand)) == NULL) {
		zerror(gettext("missing or invalid brand"));
		return (Z_ERR);
	}

	/*
	 * If the brand has its own verification routine, execute it now.
	 * The verification routine validates the intended zoneadm
	 * operation for the specific brand. The zoneadm subcommand and
	 * all its arguments are passed to the routine.
	 */
	(void) strcpy(cmdbuf, EXEC_PREFIX);
	err = brand_get_verify_adm(bh, target_zone, zonepath,
	    cmdbuf + EXEC_LEN, sizeof (cmdbuf) - EXEC_LEN, 0, NULL);
	brand_close(bh);
	if (err != 0)
		return (Z_BRAND_ERROR);
	if (strlen(cmdbuf) <= EXEC_LEN)
		return (Z_OK);

	if (strlcat(cmdbuf, cmd_to_str(cmd_num),
	    sizeof (cmdbuf)) >= sizeof (cmdbuf))
		return (Z_ERR);

	/* Build the argv string */
	i = 0;
	while (argv[i] != NULL) {
		if ((strlcat(cmdbuf, " ",
		    sizeof (cmdbuf)) >= sizeof (cmdbuf)) ||
		    (strlcat(cmdbuf, argv[i++],
		    sizeof (cmdbuf)) >= sizeof (cmdbuf)))
			return (Z_ERR);
	}

	status = do_subproc_interactive(cmdbuf);
	err = subproc_status(gettext("brand-specific verification"),
	    status, B_FALSE);

	return ((err == ZONE_SUBPROC_OK) ? Z_OK : Z_BRAND_ERROR);
}

static int
verify_rctls(zone_dochandle_t handle)
{
	struct zone_rctltab rctltab;
	size_t rbs = rctlblk_size();
	rctlblk_t *rctlblk;
	int error = Z_INVAL;

	if ((rctlblk = malloc(rbs)) == NULL) {
		zerror(gettext("failed to allocate %lu bytes: %s"), rbs,
		    strerror(errno));
		return (Z_NOMEM);
	}

	if (zonecfg_setrctlent(handle) != Z_OK) {
		zerror(gettext("zonecfg_setrctlent failed"));
		free(rctlblk);
		return (error);
	}

	rctltab.zone_rctl_valptr = NULL;
	while (zonecfg_getrctlent(handle, &rctltab) == Z_OK) {
		struct zone_rctlvaltab *rctlval;
		const char *name = rctltab.zone_rctl_name;

		if (!zonecfg_is_rctl(name)) {
			zerror(gettext("WARNING: Ignoring unrecognized rctl "
			    "'%s'."),  name);
			zonecfg_free_rctl_value_list(rctltab.zone_rctl_valptr);
			rctltab.zone_rctl_valptr = NULL;
			continue;
		}

		for (rctlval = rctltab.zone_rctl_valptr; rctlval != NULL;
		    rctlval = rctlval->zone_rctlval_next) {
			if (zonecfg_construct_rctlblk(rctlval, rctlblk)
			    != Z_OK) {
				zerror(gettext("invalid rctl value: "
				    "(priv=%s,limit=%s,action%s)"),
				    rctlval->zone_rctlval_priv,
				    rctlval->zone_rctlval_limit,
				    rctlval->zone_rctlval_action);
				goto out;
			}
			if (!zonecfg_valid_rctl(name, rctlblk)) {
				zerror(gettext("(priv=%s,limit=%s,action=%s) "
				    "is not a valid value for rctl '%s'"),
				    rctlval->zone_rctlval_priv,
				    rctlval->zone_rctlval_limit,
				    rctlval->zone_rctlval_action,
				    name);
				goto out;
			}
		}
		zonecfg_free_rctl_value_list(rctltab.zone_rctl_valptr);
	}
	rctltab.zone_rctl_valptr = NULL;
	error = Z_OK;
out:
	zonecfg_free_rctl_value_list(rctltab.zone_rctl_valptr);
	(void) zonecfg_endrctlent(handle);
	free(rctlblk);
	return (error);
}

static int
verify_pool(zone_dochandle_t handle)
{
	char poolname[MAXPATHLEN];
	pool_conf_t *poolconf;
	pool_t *pool;
	int status;
	int error;

	/*
	 * This ends up being very similar to the check done in zoneadmd.
	 */
	error = zonecfg_get_pool(handle, poolname, sizeof (poolname));
	if (error == Z_NO_ENTRY || (error == Z_OK && strlen(poolname) == 0)) {
		/*
		 * No pool specified.
		 */
		return (0);
	}
	if (error != Z_OK) {
		zperror(gettext("Unable to retrieve pool name from "
		    "configuration"), B_TRUE);
		return (error);
	}
	/*
	 * Don't do anything if pools aren't enabled.
	 */
	if (pool_get_status(&status) != PO_SUCCESS || status != POOL_ENABLED) {
		zerror(gettext("WARNING: pools facility not active; "
		    "zone will not be bound to pool '%s'."), poolname);
		return (Z_OK);
	}
	/*
	 * Try to provide a sane error message if the requested pool doesn't
	 * exist.  It isn't clear that pools-related failures should
	 * necessarily translate to a failure to verify the zone configuration,
	 * hence they are not considered errors.
	 */
	if ((poolconf = pool_conf_alloc()) == NULL) {
		zerror(gettext("WARNING: pool_conf_alloc failed; "
		    "using default pool"));
		return (Z_OK);
	}
	if (pool_conf_open(poolconf, pool_dynamic_location(), PO_RDONLY) !=
	    PO_SUCCESS) {
		zerror(gettext("WARNING: pool_conf_open failed; "
		    "using default pool"));
		pool_conf_free(poolconf);
		return (Z_OK);
	}
	pool = pool_get_pool(poolconf, poolname);
	(void) pool_conf_close(poolconf);
	pool_conf_free(poolconf);
	if (pool == NULL) {
		zerror(gettext("WARNING: pool '%s' not found. "
		    "using default pool"), poolname);
	}

	return (Z_OK);
}

static int
verify_ipd(zone_dochandle_t handle)
{
	int return_code = Z_OK;
	struct zone_fstab fstab;
	struct stat st;
	char specdir[MAXPATHLEN];

	if (zonecfg_setipdent(handle) != Z_OK) {
		/*
		 * TRANSLATION_NOTE
		 * inherit-pkg-dirs is a literal that should not be translated.
		 */
		(void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("could not verify "
		    "inherit-pkg-dirs: unable to enumerate mounts\n"));
		return (Z_ERR);
	}
	while (zonecfg_getipdent(handle, &fstab) == Z_OK) {
		/*
		 * Verify fs_dir exists.
		 */
		(void) snprintf(specdir, sizeof (specdir), "%s%s",
		    zonecfg_get_root(), fstab.zone_fs_dir);
		if (stat(specdir, &st) != 0) {
			/*
			 * TRANSLATION_NOTE
			 * inherit-pkg-dir is a literal that should not be
			 * translated.
			 */
			(void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("could not verify "
			    "inherit-pkg-dir %s: %s\n"),
			    fstab.zone_fs_dir, strerror(errno));
			return_code = Z_ERR;
		}
		if (strcmp(st.st_fstype, MNTTYPE_NFS) == 0) {
			/*
			 * TRANSLATION_NOTE
			 * inherit-pkg-dir and NFS are literals that should
			 * not be translated.
			 */
			(void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("cannot verify "
			    "inherit-pkg-dir %s: NFS mounted file system.\n"
			    "\tA local file system must be used.\n"),
			    fstab.zone_fs_dir);
			return_code = Z_ERR;
		}
	}
	(void) zonecfg_endipdent(handle);

	return (return_code);
}

/*
 * Verify that the special device/file system exists and is valid.
 */
static int
verify_fs_special(struct zone_fstab *fstab)
{
	struct stat st;

	/*
	 * This validation is really intended for standard zone administration.
	 * If we are in a mini-root or some other upgrade situation where
	 * we are using the scratch zone, just by-pass this.
	 */
	if (zonecfg_in_alt_root())
		return (Z_OK);

	if (strcmp(fstab->zone_fs_type, MNTTYPE_ZFS) == 0)
		return (verify_fs_zfs(fstab));

	if (stat(fstab->zone_fs_special, &st) != 0) {
		(void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("could not verify fs "
		    "%s: could not access %s: %s\n"), fstab->zone_fs_dir,
		    fstab->zone_fs_special, strerror(errno));
		return (Z_ERR);
	}

	if (strcmp(st.st_fstype, MNTTYPE_NFS) == 0) {
		/*
		 * TRANSLATION_NOTE
		 * fs and NFS are literals that should
		 * not be translated.
		 */
		(void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("cannot verify "
		    "fs %s: NFS mounted file system.\n"
		    "\tA local file system must be used.\n"),
		    fstab->zone_fs_special);
		return (Z_ERR);
	}

	return (Z_OK);
}

static int
verify_filesystems(zone_dochandle_t handle)
{
	int return_code = Z_OK;
	struct zone_fstab fstab;
	char cmdbuf[MAXPATHLEN];
	struct stat st;

	/*
	 * No need to verify inherit-pkg-dir fs types, as their type is
	 * implicitly lofs, which is known.  Therefore, the types are only
	 * verified for regular file systems below.
	 *
	 * Since the actual mount point is not known until the dependent mounts
	 * are performed, we don't attempt any path validation here: that will
	 * happen later when zoneadmd actually does the mounts.
	 */
	if (zonecfg_setfsent(handle) != Z_OK) {
		(void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("could not verify file systems: "
		    "unable to enumerate mounts\n"));
		return (Z_ERR);
	}
	while (zonecfg_getfsent(handle, &fstab) == Z_OK) {
		if (!zonecfg_valid_fs_type(fstab.zone_fs_type)) {
			(void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("cannot verify fs %s: "
			    "type %s is not allowed.\n"), fstab.zone_fs_dir,
			    fstab.zone_fs_type);
			return_code = Z_ERR;
			goto next_fs;
		}
		/*
		 * Verify /usr/lib/fs/<fstype>/mount exists.
		 */
		if (snprintf(cmdbuf, sizeof (cmdbuf), "/usr/lib/fs/%s/mount",
		    fstab.zone_fs_type) > sizeof (cmdbuf)) {
			(void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("cannot verify fs %s: "
			    "type %s is too long.\n"), fstab.zone_fs_dir,
			    fstab.zone_fs_type);
			return_code = Z_ERR;
			goto next_fs;
		}
		if (stat(cmdbuf, &st) != 0) {
			(void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("could not verify fs "
			    "%s: could not access %s: %s\n"), fstab.zone_fs_dir,
			    cmdbuf, strerror(errno));
			return_code = Z_ERR;
			goto next_fs;
		}
		if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
			(void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("could not verify fs "
			    "%s: %s is not a regular file\n"),
			    fstab.zone_fs_dir, cmdbuf);
			return_code = Z_ERR;
			goto next_fs;
		}
		/*
		 * Verify /usr/lib/fs/<fstype>/fsck exists iff zone_fs_raw is
		 * set.
		 */
		if (snprintf(cmdbuf, sizeof (cmdbuf), "/usr/lib/fs/%s/fsck",
		    fstab.zone_fs_type) > sizeof (cmdbuf)) {
			(void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("cannot verify fs %s: "
			    "type %s is too long.\n"), fstab.zone_fs_dir,
			    fstab.zone_fs_type);
			return_code = Z_ERR;
			goto next_fs;
		}
		if (fstab.zone_fs_raw[0] == '\0' && stat(cmdbuf, &st) == 0) {
			(void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("could not verify fs "
			    "%s: must specify 'raw' device for %s "
			    "file systems\n"),
			    fstab.zone_fs_dir, fstab.zone_fs_type);
			return_code = Z_ERR;
			goto next_fs;
		}
		if (fstab.zone_fs_raw[0] != '\0' &&
		    (stat(cmdbuf, &st) != 0 || !S_ISREG(st.st_mode))) {
			(void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("cannot verify fs %s: "
			    "'raw' device specified but "
			    "no fsck executable exists for %s\n"),
			    fstab.zone_fs_dir, fstab.zone_fs_type);
			return_code = Z_ERR;
			goto next_fs;
		}

		/* Verify fs_special. */
		if ((return_code = verify_fs_special(&fstab)) != Z_OK)
			goto next_fs;

		/* Verify fs_raw. */
		if (fstab.zone_fs_raw[0] != '\0' &&
		    stat(fstab.zone_fs_raw, &st) != 0) {
			/*
			 * TRANSLATION_NOTE
			 * fs is a literal that should not be translated.
			 */
			(void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("could not verify fs "
			    "%s: could not access %s: %s\n"), fstab.zone_fs_dir,
			    fstab.zone_fs_raw, strerror(errno));
			return_code = Z_ERR;
			goto next_fs;
		}
next_fs:
		zonecfg_free_fs_option_list(fstab.zone_fs_options);
	}
	(void) zonecfg_endfsent(handle);

	return (return_code);
}

static int
verify_limitpriv(zone_dochandle_t handle)
{
	char *privname = NULL;
	int err;
	priv_set_t *privs;

	if ((privs = priv_allocset()) == NULL) {
		zperror(gettext("failed to allocate privilege set"), B_FALSE);
		return (Z_NOMEM);
	}
	err = zonecfg_get_privset(handle, privs, &privname);
	switch (err) {
	case Z_OK:
		break;
	case Z_PRIV_PROHIBITED:
		(void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("privilege \"%s\" is not "
		    "permitted within the zone's privilege set\n"), privname);
		break;
	case Z_PRIV_REQUIRED:
		(void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("required privilege \"%s\" is "
		    "missing from the zone's privilege set\n"), privname);
		break;
	case Z_PRIV_UNKNOWN:
		(void) fprintf(stderr, gettext("unknown privilege \"%s\" "
		    "specified in the zone's privilege set\n"), privname);
		break;
	default:
		zperror(
		    gettext("failed to determine the zone's privilege set"),
		    B_TRUE);
		break;
	}
	free(privname);
	priv_freeset(privs);
	return (err);
}

static void
free_local_netifs(int if_cnt, struct net_if **if_list)
{
	int		i;

	for (i = 0; i < if_cnt; i++) {
		free(if_list[i]->name);
		free(if_list[i]);
	}
	free(if_list);
}

/*
 * Get a list of the network interfaces, along with their address families,
 * that are plumbed in the global zone.  See if_tcp(7p) for a description
 * of the ioctls used here.
 */
static int
get_local_netifs(int *if_cnt, struct net_if ***if_list)
{
	int		s;
	int		i;
	int		res = Z_OK;
	int		space_needed;
	int		cnt = 0;
	struct		lifnum if_num;
	struct		lifconf if_conf;
	struct		lifreq *if_reqp;
	char		*if_buf;
	struct net_if	**local_ifs = NULL;

	*if_cnt = 0;
	*if_list = NULL;

	if ((s = socket(SOCKET_AF(AF_INET), SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0)
		return (Z_ERR);

	/*
	 * Come back here in the unlikely event that the number of interfaces
	 * increases between the time we get the count and the time we do the
	 * SIOCGLIFCONF ioctl.
	 */
retry:
	/* Get the number of interfaces. */
	if_num.lifn_family = AF_UNSPEC;
	if_num.lifn_flags = LIFC_NOXMIT;
	if (ioctl(s, SIOCGLIFNUM, &if_num) < 0) {
		(void) close(s);
		return (Z_ERR);
	}

	/* Get the interface configuration list. */
	space_needed = if_num.lifn_count * sizeof (struct lifreq);
	if ((if_buf = malloc(space_needed)) == NULL) {
		(void) close(s);
		return (Z_ERR);
	}
	if_conf.lifc_family = AF_UNSPEC;
	if_conf.lifc_flags = LIFC_NOXMIT;
	if_conf.lifc_len = space_needed;
	if_conf.lifc_buf = if_buf;
	if (ioctl(s, SIOCGLIFCONF, &if_conf) < 0) {
		free(if_buf);
		/*
		 * SIOCGLIFCONF returns EINVAL if the buffer we passed in is
		 * too small.  In this case go back and get the new if cnt.
		 */
		if (errno == EINVAL)
			goto retry;

		(void) close(s);
		return (Z_ERR);
	}
	(void) close(s);

	/* Get the name and address family for each interface. */
	if_reqp = if_conf.lifc_req;
	for (i = 0; i < (if_conf.lifc_len / sizeof (struct lifreq)); i++) {
		struct net_if	**p;
		struct lifreq	req;